Focus Groups and Mini Groups represent a qualitative survey methodology widely used in marketing.
A group of people, pre-selected on the basis of specific parameters relevant and pertinent to the research topic, is called to appear at a certain date and time in a given location. Generally, this is a location, i.e. a special space with two rooms; one where the discussion takes place and where the group is located and the other one next to it, where it is possible to watch the discussion through a one-way mirror without interfering with the group dynamic and influencing its development.
Depending on the number of participants we distinguish between Focus Group (4 to 8 participants in general) and Mini Group (3 persons: Triad, 2 persons: Dyad). The number of participants is defined on the basis of the purpose of the investigation without neglecting the fact that the richness of the data collected derives from the interaction of the people and their mutual reactions, requests and responses.
The success of a Focus Group or Mini Group is in fact linked to the triggering of the group dynamic and the interactivity of the discussion among the participants.
To this purpose, the role of the moderator, a professional figure with psychological training and abilities, is fundamental. Indeed, this person will not only be responsible for leading the discussion by following an agreed outline (based on the objectives of the survey) but will also guarantee everyone’s contribution and free expression. Through free discussion or open questions, the moderator collects a series of data on people’s behaviour, perceptions, attitudes, motivations and points of view. This is qualitative data that cannot be measured directly but must be interpreted by the moderator himself.
Focus Groups or Mini Groups can also be conducted online. By sharing a simple link, it is possible to access virtual platforms allowing respondents and moderator to see and talk to each other in real time. Such platforms have no restrictions on the conduct of the survey other than presence only. However, they have a number of logistical advantages and organisational simplifications, besides the possibility of cost optimisation.